Tateishi, K., et al., Room temperature hyperpolarization of nuclear spins in bulk. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2014. 111(21): p. 7527-30.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24821773
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), a means of transferring spin polarization from electrons to nuclei, can enhance the nuclear spin polarization (hence the NMR sensitivity) in bulk materials at most 660 times for (1)H spins, using electron spins in thermal equilibrium as polarizing agents. By using electron spins in photo-excited triplet states instead, DNP can overcome the above limit. We demonstrate a (1)H spin polarization of 34%, which gives an enhancement factor of 250,000 in 0.40 T, while maintaining a bulk sample ( approximately 0.6 mg, approximately 0.7 x 0.7 x 1 mm(3)) containing >10(19) (1)H spins at room temperature. Room temperature hyperpolarization achieved with DNP using photo-excited triplet electrons has potentials to be applied to a wide range of fields, including NMR spectroscopy and MRI as well as fundamental physics.